No matter how old you are, where you’re from or what you do for a living, we all share something in common—a desire to be successful. Each person’s definition of success is different, however, as some may define success as being a loving and faithful spouse or a caring and responsible parent, while most people would equate success with wealth, fame, and power.
24/06/15
23/06/15
10 Small Things You Can Do Every Day to Get Smarter
You might be under the impression that intelligence is a fixed quantity set when you are young and unchanging thereafter. But research shows that you're wrong. How we approach situations and the things we do to feed our brains can significantly improve our mental horsepower.
That could mean going back to school or filling your bookshelves (or e-reader) with thick tomes on deep subjects, but getting smarter doesn't necessarily mean a huge commitment of time and energy, according to a recent thread on question-and-answer site Quora.
When a questioner keen on self-improvement asked the community, "What would you do to be a little smarter every single day?" lots of readers--including dedicated meditators, techies, and entrepreneurs--weighed in with useful suggestions. Which of these 10 ideas can you fit into your daily routine?
1. Be smarter about your online time.
Every online break doesn't have to be about checking social networks and fulfilling your daily ration of cute animal pics. The Web is also full of great learning resources, such as online courses, intriguing TED talks, and vocabulary-building tools. Replace a few minutes of skateboarding dogs with something more mentally nourishing, suggest several responders.
2. Write down what you learn.
It doesn't have to be pretty or long, but taking a few minutes each day to reflect in writing about what you learned is sure to boost your brainpower. "Write 400 words a day on things that you learned," suggests yoga teacher Claudia Azula Altucher. Mike Xie, a research associate at Bayside Biosciences, agrees: "Write about what you've learned."
3. Make a 'did' list.
A big part of intelligence is confidence and happiness, so boost both by pausing to list not the things you have yet to do, but rather all the things you've already accomplished. The idea of a "done list" is recommended by famed VC Marc Andreessen as well as Azula Altucher. "Make an I DID list to show all the things you, in fact, accomplished," she suggests.
4. Get out the Scrabble board.
Board games and puzzles aren't just fun but also a great way to work out your brain. "Play games (Scrabble, bridge, chess, Go, Battleship, Connect 4, doesn't matter)," suggests Xie (for a ninja-level brain boost, exercise your working memory by trying to play without looking at the board). "Play Scrabble with no help from hints or books," concurs Azula Altucher.
5. Have smart friends.
It can be rough on your self-esteem, but hanging out with folks who are more clever than you is one of the fastest ways to learn. "Keep a smart company. Remember your IQ is the average of five closest people you hang out with," Saurabh Shah, an account manager at Symphony Teleca, writes.
"Surround yourself with smarter people," agrees developer Manas J. Saloi. "I try to spend as much time as I can with my tech leads. I have never had a problem accepting that I am an average coder at best and there are many things I am yet to learn… Always be humble and be willing to learn."
6. Read a lot.
OK, this is not a shocker, but it was the most common response: Reading definitely seems essential. Opinions vary on what's the best brain-boosting reading material, with suggestions ranging from developing a daily newspaper habit to picking up a variety of fiction and nonfiction, but everyone seems to agree that quantity is important. Read a lot.
7. Explain it to others.
"If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough," Albert Einstein said. The Quora posters agree. Make sure you've really learned what you think you have learned and that the information is truly stuck in your memory by trying to teach it to others. "Make sure you can explain it to someone else," Xie says simply.
Student Jon Packles elaborates on this idea: "For everything you learn--big or small--stick with it for at least as long as it takes you to be able to explain it to a friend. It's fairly easy to learn new information. Being able to retain that information and teach others is far more valuable."
8. Do random new things.
Shane Parrish, keeper of the consistently fascinating Farnam Street blog, tells the story of Steve Jobs's youthful calligraphy class in his response on Quora. After dropping out of school, the future Apple founder had a lot of time on his hands and wandered into a calligraphy course. It seemed irrelevant at the time, but the design skills he learned were later baked into the first Macs. The takeaway: You never know what will be useful ahead of time. You just need to try new things and wait to see how they connect with the rest of your experiences later on.
"You can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backward. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future," Parrish quotes Jobs as saying. In order to have dots to connect, you need to be willing to try new things--even if they don't seem immediately useful or productive.
9. Learn a new language.
No, you don't need to become quickly fluent or trot off to a foreign country to master the language of your choosing. You can work away steadily from the comfort of your desk and still reap the mental rewards. "Learn a new language. There are a lot of free sites for that. Use Livemocha or Busuu," says Saloi (personally, I'm a big fan of Memrise once you have the basic mechanics of a new language down).
10. Take some downtime.
It's no surprise that dedicated meditator Azula Altucher recommends giving yourself space for your brain to process what it's learned--"sit in silence daily," she writes--but she's not the only responder who stresses the need to take some downtime from mental stimulation. Spend some time just thinking, suggests retired cop Rick Bruno. He pauses the interior chatter while exercising. "I think about things while I run (almost every day)," he reports.
100 Reasons Why I Love You
I often wonder why I love you. Is it your presence, your smile, your eyes, or just the feeling of togetherness we share whenever we meet or talk. I wonder why I always seem to forget the things I want to tell you when we meet, and keep getting lost in you.
Here are some wonderful reasons, though they comprise only a fraction of all the reasons, I can never tell you all the reasons, for I myself know not. But please read the following, and know that I will continue to love you, forever...
I Miss You
It is difficult to express
Without sounding cheesy
How much I miss you
When you are not with me
But even when we are
Apart for just a few minutes
I feel lost and confused
At the end of my wits
I don’t care how much time
We spent together today
I started missing you
The very second you walked away
21/06/15
Five Tips for Singles
Being single is hard. Being older and single is even harder. Sometimes it may feel like you’restalled in an unending state of singlehood. But the main lesson I’ve discovered is that this time is rife with spiritual opportunity. Here are five strategies to help make the meantime meaningful.
How to Love Yourself Unconditionally
A mother loves her newborn child without reservation, and romantic love, in its first stages of infatuation, can make the beloved seem perfect. But most of us doubt that love without reservation, love completely forgiving and accepting, exists in our everyday lives. Looking in the mirror, all of us see too many flaws and remember too many past wounds and failings to love ourselves without also putting a limit on that love.
Healthy Ramadan meal plan
These healthy meal ideas will give you a varied and balanced diet during Ramadan. They include ingredients from the five major food groups.
The meal plan has been written by medical experts in consultation with Islamic scholars.
Fluids (water and juices) and dates should be added to each Suhoor (pre-dawn meal) and Iftar (dinner – the meal that ends the day's fast). The fast is broken with dates, followed by dinner.
Suhoor: a bowl of porridge with milk, one slice of toast and a handful of unsalted nuts
Iftar: pitta bread with chicken, salad and hummus, and one or two pieces of baklava
Suhoor: wheat-based cereal with milk, a plain scone or crumpet, and an apple or banana
Iftar: chicken with boiled rice, vegetable curry and mixed salad, followed by fruit salad with single cream
Suhoor: a bowl of shredded wheat or muesli and a pear or orange
Iftar: baked fish with roasted vegetables, or fish curry with rice followed by sweet vermicelli or one piece of jalebi (an Indian sweet)
Suhoor: cheese, then one teaspoon of jam with crackers or toast, and a handful of dried fruits
Iftar: pasta cooked with vegetables and chicken or fish, and a slice of plain cake with custard
20/06/15
Exam Preparation: Ten Study Tips
1. Give yourself enough time to study
Don't leave it until the last minute. While some students do seem to thrive on last-minute 'cramming', it's widely accepted that for most of us, this is not the best way to approach an exam. Set out a timetable for your study. Write down how many exams you have and the days on which you have to sit them. Then organize your study accordingly. You may want to give some exams more study time than others, so find a balance that you feel comfortable with.
21 Best Tips On Making A Long Distance Relationship Work
Many people believe that long distance relationships are never going to work out. Your family may discourage it, and some of your best friends may advise you not to take it too seriously, in case you get your heart broken.
Nobody says it is going to be easy — the extra distance makes many things unachievable. Things could get complicated, and you could get sad and lonely at times. However, the extra distance also makes the simplest things the sweetest, being able to hold the other person’s hand, eating together at the same table, feeling each other’s touch, taking a walk together, smelling each other’s hair… these small wishes could suddenly mean so much more in a long distance relationship.
Long distance relationship may be tough but it has its own surprises too. To keep your love alive and strong, here are the 18 tips to make your long distance relationship work:
About Indonesia
Indonesia is the fourth largest country in the world is home to more than 195 million people. Mainly Muslims — with substantial Christian, Hindu and Buddhist minorities. Indigenous tribes still exist in Borneo to Irian Jaya in Eastern Indonesia. The presence of their pagan ancestry can still be seen, heard and felt by those who dare to breach the tourist frontiers.
While much of Indonesia's allure lies in its rich cultural tapestry and untamed wilderness, its cities and resorts are also famed for world-class visitor facilities. Divers are a fast growing breed of special visitors to Indonesia's many shores.
19/06/15
Jetpack
Jetpack usually worn on the back, that are propelled by jets of escaping gases (or in some cases water) to let a single user propel him or herself into the air or fly.
SAFETY
Safety has been a key consideration in all aspects of the development of the Martin Jetpack. We look to enhance safety through design, manufacture, training, operations and dedicated safety systems. The Jetpack is “fly by wire” so unlike other aircraft including helicopters it is relatively easy to operate and with its ballistic parachute system that can safely recover the aircraft from a few meters above the ground it will be one of the most safest light aircraft on the market.
Pilot Protection
The pilot is protected by the pilot module and the structure of the Jetpack. The pilot module includes a rollover bar, frontal protection and arm restraint. The structure of the Jetpack provides protection to the pilot from the rear and side, and the landing gear provides protection from below.
Parachute
A key safety system is the parachute system. This is a ballistic parachute system, with ballistic extraction and inflation of the chute. This leads to very quick chute opening, which enables the pilot to be saved in the case of a catastrophic failure down to a low height.
Simplicity of Design
The design of the Jetpack has been kept as simple as possible. There is a low overall component count which aids reliability and overall safety.
Ducted fan
The use of ducted fans has a fundamental safety advantage over propellers and rotors. The tips of the blades are contained within the duct and are less of a safety hazard than exposed blades. This makes it safer for people near the aircraft, and reduces the risk of damage due to propellers or rotors coming into contact with objects.
Ease of Flight
A key component of aircraft safety comes from the ease of flight. The Jetpack flight control system is computer controlled and stabilised. With the current software load if the controls are released during flight the Jetpack achieves and maintains an upright attitude and maintains height (enters a hover). During normal operations the system automatically maintains the desired height during manoeuvres.
19/05/15
Tutorial Photoshop Membuat Zombie
Ini adalah hasil akhir tutorial membuat zombie dengan photoshop, untuk lebih jelasnya kalian bisa melihat video saya dibawah ini :)
17/05/15
10/05/15
03/05/15
29/04/15
27/04/15
Bile Esculin Agar
Bile Esculin Agar (BEA) is a selective differential agar used to isolate and identify members of the genus Enterococcus, also known as "group D streptococci".
Bile esculin agar contains oxgall (bile salts) to inhibit the growth of gram positive organisms other than enterococci and group D streptococci. It also contains nutrients, esculin, and ferric citrate. When an organism hydrolyzes the glycoside esculin to form esculetin and dextrose, the esculetin reacts with the ferric citrate to produce a dark brown or black phenolic iron complex.
If an organism can hydrolyze esculin, the media will turn dark brown or black. However, the test is interpreted as a positive result only if more than half the medium is dark brown or black after incubation.
Bile-esculin agar medium is prepared as agar slants or plates.
The constituent of Bile-esculin agar medium are:
- Peptone
- Beef extract
- Oxgall (Bile)
- Esculin
- Ferric citrate
- Agar
Bile esculin medium contains esculin and peptone for nutrition and bile to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria other than Group D streptococci and enterococci. Ferric citrate is added as a color indicator.
Principle: Bile-esculin test is based on the ability of certain bacteria, notably the group D streptococci and Enterococcus species, to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile (4% bile salts or 40% bile).
Note: Many bacteria can hydrolyze esculin, but few can do so in the presence of bile
Case Files Biochemistry
Often, the medical student will cringe at the “drudgery” of the basic science courses and see little connection between a field such as biochemistry and clinical problems. Clinicians, however, often wish they knew more about the basic sciences, because it is through the science that we can begin to understand the complexities of the human body and thus have rational methods of diagnosis and treatment.
This book is organized for versatility: to allow the student “in a rush” to go quickly through the scenarios and check the corresponding answers and to provide more detailed information for the student who wants thought-provoking explanations. The answers are arranged from simple to complex: a summary of the pertinent points, the bare answers, a clinical correlation, an approach to the biochemistry topic, a comprehension test at the end to reinforcement or emphasis, and a list of references for further reading. The clinical cases are arranged by system to better reflect the organization within the basic science.
Finally, to encourage thinking about mechanisms and relationships, we intentionally did not primarily use a multiple-choice format. Nevertheless, several multiple-choice questions are included at the end of each scenario to reinforce concepts or introduce related topics.
Finally, to encourage thinking about mechanisms and relationships, we intentionally did not primarily use a multiple-choice format. Nevertheless, several multiple-choice questions are included at the end of each scenario to reinforce concepts or introduce related topics.
You can download this book at HERE
26/04/15
Contoh KRS AAK Nasional Surakarta
Berikut ini adalah contoh KRS(Kartu Rencana Studi) AAK Nasional Surakarta
Untuk gambar yang lebih jelas silahkan kunjungi link DI SINI
16/04/15
Microbiology Of Food
Food
is an indispensable item for all living organisms. All food items are
associated with microorganisms in one form or other. Foods get contaminated
during handling, harvest, transport and storage. Foods also get contaminated
due to the methods of food collection, cooking and preparation. Food forms an
ideal culture medium for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms.
15/04/15
Sterilization
Sterilization is the freeing of an article from all living
organisms, including bacteria and their spores. Sterilization of culture media,
containers and instruments is essential in microbiological work for isolation
and maintenance of microbes. In surgery and medicine, the sterilization of
instruments, drugs and other supplies is important for the prevention of
infection.
Sterilization can be effected in a variety of ways, which can be
conveniently categorized as follows:
1.
Physical methods
a.
Heat
Dry heat
Mechanism of killing
by dry heat:
Dry heat kills the
organisms by destructive oxidation of essential cell constituents
Killing of the most
resistant spores by dry heat requires a temperature of about 160 °C for 60
minutes
Dry heat is employed
for glassware; syringes, metal instruments and paper wrapped goods, which are
not spoiled by high temperatures
l It is also used for anhydrous fats, oils and powders that are
impermeable to moisture
METHODS OF
STERILIZATION BY DRY HEAT:
1. RED HEAT
Inoculating wires, points of forceps and searing spatulas are sterilized
by holding them in the flame of Bunsen burner until they are seen to be
red-hot.
2. FLAMING
This method is used for sterilizing scalpel, mouth of culture tubes,
glass slides etc.
It involves passing of an article through Bunsen flame without allowing
it to become red-hot.
3. HOT AIR OVEN
This is the main means of sterilization by dry heat. Exposure at a
temperature of 160 °C for 1 hour is generally employed.
4. INFRARED RADIATIONS
Source employed is an electrically heated element, the infra red
rays are directed on to the object to be sterilized and temperature of 180 °C
can be obtained.
Moist heat
Mechanism of killing
by moist heat:
Moist heat kills the organisms by coagulating and denaturing their
enzymes and structural protein
Sterilization by moist
heat of the most resistant spores generally requires 121 °C for 15-30 minutes
Moist heat is used for
the sterilization of culture media, and all other materials through which steam
can penetrate
Moist heat is more
effective than dry heat
Sterilization can be
done at lower temperatures in a given time at a shorter duration at the same
temperature
METHODS OF
STERILIZATION BY MOIST HEAT
Moist heat can be employed at
1. Temperature below 100 °C
Examples : pasteurization
of milk
In Pasteurization of
milk the temperature employed is either 63 °C for 30 minutes or 72 °C for 20
seconds. All nonspore-forming pathogens in milk like Salmonellae,
M.tuberculosis are killed.
2. Temperature of 100
°C
3. Temperature above 100 °C
Examples : Sterilization
in an autoclave
Autoclaving is the
most reliable method
It is the method most widely used for sterilization of culture media
and surgical supplies
When water is boiled
within a closed vessel at an increased pressure, the temperature at which it
boils and the steam it forms will rise above 100 °C
This principle is used
in the autoclave
Normally autoclaving
is done at 15 lbs. (pounds per sq. Inch pressure) and 115 °C for 15 minutes
b.
Radiations
Ultraviolet radiations
Ionizing radiations
c.
Filtration
When fluids are passed
through bacteria stopping filters, they are made free from bacteria. l It is
useful for making preparations of soluble products of bacterial growth such as
toxins. Liquids that would be damaged by heat such as serum and antibiotic
solutions can be sterilized by filtration. Efficient filters should be able to
retain Serratia marcescens.
2.
Chemical methods
FACTORS INFLUENZING
STERILIZATION BY HEAT
a. The temperature and time: they are inversely related, shorter time
is sufficient at high temperatures.
b. Number of microorganisms and spores: The number of survivors diminished
exponentially with the duration of heating
c. Depends on the species, strains and spore forming ability of the
microbes.
d. Thermal death point is the lowest temperature to give complete killing
in aqueous suspension within 10 minutes
e. Depends on the nature of material: a high content of organic substances
generally tends to protect spores and vegetative organisms against heat.
f. Presence of organic or inorganic disinfectants facilitates killing
by heat
g. pH also plays an important role in the killing of microorganisms
TYPES OF FILTERS
There are different kinds of filters:
1. Earthenware candles - called Berkfield & Chamberland
filters
Berkfield Filters
Made from Kieselguhr, a fossil diatomaceous earth
Three grades of porosity are available:
a. Veil - coarsest one
b. N - normal one
c. W- wenig the finest one
Chamberland Filters
Made from unglazed porcelain
Four grades are available:
a. L1- clarifying filters
b. L1a-Big
c. L2 - normal
d. L3- Finest
2. Asbestos and asbestos-paper discs filters - called Seitz
filters
Made up of asbestos pads
Three grades are available:
a.
K- clarifying filters
b.
Normal
c.
Special EK bacteria stopping filters
3. Sintered glass filters
Made from sintered glass
Different grades available:
a.
Grades 1 to 5
b.
Grades 1-2 are for clarifying purpose
c.
Grades3-5 is for sterilization purpose
3.
Cellulose membrane filters
Made up of nitro-cellulose membranes. Made with
different grades of porosity by adjusting the concentration of constituents
4.
Fibre glass filters.
MERITS AND DEMERITS OF HEAT STERILIZATION
Advantages of heat sterilization:
1. Sterilization is very effective
2. Instruments are standardized to deliver the required effective
heat
3. Heat deliver system can be monitored effectively with various
controls like pressure gauge, temperature meters etc
4. Established quality control methods available
Disadvantages of heat sterilization:
1. Steam impermeable materials like fats, oils and powders can not
be sterilized by autoclaving.
2. Heat sensitive materials can not be sterilized by heat
Examples:
1. Serum can not be sterilized
2. Antibiotics
3. Plastic materials
4. Vaccines
5. Rubbers
3. Presence of organic matters interfere with effective
sterilization
4. Dangers of explosion when high pressure is used
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